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Serbs are one of the three Constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina of Bosnia-Herzegovina, predominantly concentrated in the Republika Srpska, although many also live in the other Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are frequently referred to as Bosnian Serbs in English language, regardless of whether they are from Bosnia (region) or Herzegovina.

Population The last 1996 UNHCR population census registered 1,484,530 Serbs or 37.9% of the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The modern estimate is that they form more likely about 37.1% (2000). The vast majority live on the territory of the Republika Srpska, and West Bosnia Canton and Una-Sana Canton cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs are the most territorially widespread Constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The majority of Bosnian Serbs are adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church, while some are atheism. The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina speak the Serbian language in its Ijekavian variant, similar to that of Montenegro, Croatia, and Stari Vlah.

Culture Prominent individuals A selection of prominent Bosnian Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina include Ottoman Empire official Mehmed-pasha Sokolović or the writers Jovan Dučić, Petar Kočić, Branko Ćopić, Meša Selimović, Aleksa Šantić, Ivo Andrić and Skender Kulenović, the painter Kosta Hakman, the historian Vladimir Ćorović, musicians Zdravko Čolić, Goran Bregović, Nenad Janković and Duško Trifunović and the filmmaker Emir Kusturica. The guslar (gusle player) Filip Višnjić was born in Ugljevik. Luka Vukalović raised an uprising to free Bosnia (region) of Ottoman Empire rule. Democracy of the 1990s Yugoslavia, Zoran Đinđić was born in Bosnia, as was the current President of Serbia, Boris Tadić. Karl Malden a. k a. Karl Malden an Oscar-winning United States actor. Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young Bosnia assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in protest of the Austria-Hungary annexasion of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thereby initialing World War I. Miraš Dedeić is the current self-proclaimed Archbishop of Cetinje and Head of the uncanonical Montenegrin Orthodox Church.

The Montenegro House of Petrović former ruling dynasty are from Herzegovina and Bosnia (region) by origin. The Bosniaks national hero Husein Gradaščević was also considered a Serbian national hero.

Name in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to the population census conducted in 1981 in the Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaThe Serbs are one of the rare Slavic peoples nations who kept their old names that they had in the old Slavonic motherland. Beside the Serbs, only the Croats kept their old name. The other Slavic nations got their names after the migration from the old Slavonic motherland.

History in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1991, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Medieval Slavs settled the region of Bosnia (region) in the first half of the 7th century. They were led by the Unknown Archont and given Bosnia as a land to settle in by List of Byzantine Emperors Heraclius. Historical records indicate two small inhabited cities, Kotor and Desnik, in Bosnia at the time populated by Bosnian Serbs. Bosnia was ruled by Ban (title) and in 753 formed a territorial union with the Principality of Rascia known as Surbia (Serbia, natively called Zagorje) ruled by Grand Princes.In 822, Prince Ljudevit Posavski of Pannonia fled to Srb in western Bosnia to the List of Serbian monarchs from the Franks forces and their allies. Prince Liudevit was accepted well by the Lord, but Liudevit eventually tricked him, killing him and talking his demesne for himself. The western regions were incorporated into the secular History of Croatia.

Some Bosnians were baptised into Christianity by Byzantine missionary of the actions of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius in the 800s.

The Bosnian Chiefs abandoned the War-of-the-succession-torn History of Croatia and joined the Serbia of Prince Časlav Klonimirović of the House of Vlastimirović up to 931. By the end of the 948 Croatian struggles for the throne, he included all the territories to the river of Vrbas River to the west and Sava to the north while western and northern Bosnia remained in the History of Croatia. The Drina area became the heart of his state. The Hungarian Kingdom had pretensions to conquer Bosnia, so Ceslav had to fend-off a Hungarian invasion in 955. Prince Ceslav saved Bosnia, but was drowned by the Hungarian forces in the river of Sava in norther Bosnia in 960.

The Bosnian Serbian rule in eastern and central Bosnia crumbled after Ceslav's fall. It would take King Constantine Bodin (Peter III) of Duklja and war against the Byzantines in 1082-1085 to restore it. There he implaced a related courtier of his, Stefan as Ban (title), whose heirs continued to rule Bosnia.

Modern see also: History of Republika Srpska in 1921 in Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes population censusBetween 1945 and 1948, following World War II, around 70,000 Serbs migrated from the Bosnia and Herzegovina to Vojvodina, prior to the expulsions of Germans.Serbs were the larger of the two constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina (later of three, since Muslims by nationality gained constitutive status in 1968). In the first population census conducted in the People's Republic of Bosnia in 1948, there were 1,136,116 Serbs or a total of 44.3% of BiH's population. In 1953, there were 1,264,372 Serbs in BiH, 44.4% of the total population. According to the 1961 population census, there where 1,406,057 Serbs, accounting for 42.9% of total population of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Serbs lost their plurality as the largest single ethnic group of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 1960s and 1970s, being overtaken by the Muslims by nationality. According to the 1971 population census, there were 1,393,148 Serbs in BiH or 37.2% of the population. In 1981, there were 1,320,644 Serbs in BiH or 32% of the total population. In that year, Serbs formed a majority on 27,255.2 square kilometres or 53.3% of the total territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They lived in 34.4% of the total housing of BiH. There was a Serb majority in 2,439 settlements or 41.4% of the total settlements of BiH and Serbs owned a total of 51.4% of the land of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1991, there were 1,369,258 Serbs in BiH or 31.4% of the total populace. It is unknown how many of those who declared themselves as Yugoslavs were ethnic group Serbs, but it is believed that altogether they made up 38% of BiH's population.

The Serb and Croat political leaderships accused certain elements within the government of BiH of being pro-Islamic and of attempting to create a Bosniak nationalism in the 1990s. The Serbs boycotted the 1992 referendum for independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Although it was eventually recognized by the international community, in the opinion of the Serb political leadership the result was unconstitutional since the will of one of the constitutive nations, the Serbs, was ignored. The Government of BiH declared independence anyway - which was not accepted by the federal government of SFRJ, and what followed was the forming of the SAO Bosanska Krajina in the western Bosanska Krajina region of Bosnia and Herzegovina with its capital in Banja Luka, which was not recognised by the central government. SAO Bosnian Frontier made attempts to unite with the SAO Krajina in Croatia. The Serb political leadership martialled its own force assisted by the JNA of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and declared independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina in late 1992. BiH's Muslim and Croat dominated government did not recognize the new Republika Srpska, whose president was Radovan Karadžić seated in Banja Luka. The Serb side accepted the proposed ethnic cantonization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War#Carrington-Cutileiro), as did the Muslim and Croat sides in Lisbon in 1992, in the hope that war would not break out. The Muslim political leadership under President Alija Izetbegović of Bosnia and Herzegovina subsequently broke the agreement refusing to decentralize the newly created country. The Bosnian War began{fact}.. The different colors show majority in every settlement:Throughout most of the war the Serb side fought against both the Bosnian Muslims side and the Croatian side. During Muslim-Croat hostilities the Serbs co-operated with largely with the Croat. There were exceptions to this as well, as Serb forces were also allied with the pro-Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bosnian Muslims of the Western Bosnia under Fikret Abdić. During most of the war, the Republika Srpska comprised around 70% of Bosnia and Herzegovina's soil. During the entire length of war the Army of Republika Srpska maintained the Siege of Sarajevo, allegedly in order to tie down the Bosnian Muslim forces and resources in what was the capital of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian state. Republika Srpska maintained close ties with the Republika Srpska Krajina and received volunteers and supplies from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the war. The Serb Republic received a large number of Serb refugees from other Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia hotzones, particularly non-Serb held areas in Sarajevo, Herzeg-Bosnia and Croatia. In 1993, the Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War#Owen-Stoltenberg peace treaty was suggested that would give 52% of BiH to the Serb side. It was refused by the Bosnian Muslim side as too large of a concession. In 1994, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia imposed sanctions after the National Assembly of Republika Srpska refused the Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War. In 1995, Operation Storm, eliminated the Republic of the Serb Frontier. The Croatian Army continued the offensive into the Serb Republic under General Ante Gotovina (currently on trial for war crimes at the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia). Some 250,000 Serbs fled to the Republika Srpska and Serbia from Croatia, as the Serb side continued a full retreat of Serbs from the Una river to the Sana river. The Croatian Army, supported by the forces of the Muslim-Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina came within 20km of the de facto Bosnian Serb capital, Banja Luka. The war was halted with the Dayton Agreement which recognized Republika Srpska, comprising 49% of the soil of BiH, as one of the two territorial entities of the Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Serb side suffered a total 30,700 victims - 16,700 civilians and 14,000 military personnel, according to the Demographic Unit at the ICTY. Although exact number are somewhat disputed, mostly by Bosniaks, it is generally agreed that the Bosnian War claimed the lives of about 100,000 people - Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks. See: Bosnian war#Casualties

The demographics of Bosnia-Herzegovina as well as Republika Srpska were tremendously affected by the war. Current estimates indicate that some 400,000 Serbs no longer live in the Federation of BiH, the other entity in Bosnia which makes up 51% of its territory. By the same token, it is estimated that some 450,000 Bosnian Muslims and Croats that used to live in Republika Srpska no longer live there. Many Bosnian Serbs emigrated abroad to Canada, the United States, Australia and western Europe, while others also settled in Serbia and Montenegro. Some Croatian Serbs, fleeing the Croatian offensive Operation Storm, settled in Republika Srpska following the war, although most ended up in Serbia.

Subgroups The subgroups of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina are commonly based on regional affiliation. Some of the major subgroups of them include: Bosanska Krajina (Krajišniks), Semberia, Bosnians, Herzegovinians

Herzegovinan clans Some of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Serbs, mostly living in Herzegovina are organised in clans. The Serb clans#Herzegovinian clans are:

See also

References



Serbs are one of the three Constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina of Bosnia-Herzegovina, predominantly concentrated in the Republika Srpska, although many also live in the other Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are frequently referred to as Bosnian Serbs in English language, regardless of whether they are from Bosnia (region) or Herzegovina.

Population The last 1996 UNHCR population census registered 1,484,530 Serbs or 37.9% of the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The modern estimate is that they form more likely about 37.1% (2000). The vast majority live on the territory of the Republika Srpska, and West Bosnia Canton and Una-Sana Canton cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs are the most territorially widespread Constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The majority of Bosnian Serbs are adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church, while some are atheism. The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina speak the Serbian language in its Ijekavian variant, similar to that of Montenegro, Croatia, and Stari Vlah.

Culture Prominent individuals A selection of prominent Bosnian Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina include Ottoman Empire official Mehmed-pasha Sokolović or the writers Jovan Dučić, Petar Kočić, Branko Ćopić, Meša Selimović, Aleksa Šantić, Ivo Andrić and Skender Kulenović, the painter Kosta Hakman, the historian Vladimir Ćorović, musicians Zdravko Čolić, Goran Bregović, Nenad Janković and Duško Trifunović and the filmmaker Emir Kusturica. The guslar (gusle player) Filip Višnjić was born in Ugljevik. Luka Vukalović raised an uprising to free Bosnia (region) of Ottoman Empire rule. Democracy of the 1990s Yugoslavia, Zoran Đinđić was born in Bosnia, as was the current President of Serbia, Boris Tadić. Karl Malden a. k a. Karl Malden an Oscar-winning United States actor. Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young Bosnia assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in protest of the Austria-Hungary annexasion of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thereby initialing World War I. Miraš Dedeić is the current self-proclaimed Archbishop of Cetinje and Head of the uncanonical Montenegrin Orthodox Church.

The Montenegro House of Petrović former ruling dynasty are from Herzegovina and Bosnia (region) by origin. The Bosniaks national hero Husein Gradaščević was also considered a Serbian national hero.

Name in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to the population census conducted in 1981 in the Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaThe Serbs are one of the rare Slavic peoples nations who kept their old names that they had in the old Slavonic motherland. Beside the Serbs, only the Croats kept their old name. The other Slavic nations got their names after the migration from the old Slavonic motherland.

History in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1991, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Medieval Slavs settled the region of Bosnia (region) in the first half of the 7th century. They were led by the Unknown Archont and given Bosnia as a land to settle in by List of Byzantine Emperors Heraclius. Historical records indicate two small inhabited cities, Kotor and Desnik, in Bosnia at the time populated by Bosnian Serbs. Bosnia was ruled by Ban (title) and in 753 formed a territorial union with the Principality of Rascia known as Surbia (Serbia, natively called Zagorje) ruled by Grand Princes.In 822, Prince Ljudevit Posavski of Pannonia fled to Srb in western Bosnia to the List of Serbian monarchs from the Franks forces and their allies. Prince Liudevit was accepted well by the Lord, but Liudevit eventually tricked him, killing him and talking his demesne for himself. The western regions were incorporated into the secular History of Croatia.

Some Bosnians were baptised into Christianity by Byzantine missionary of the actions of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius in the 800s.

The Bosnian Chiefs abandoned the War-of-the-succession-torn History of Croatia and joined the Serbia of Prince Časlav Klonimirović of the House of Vlastimirović up to 931. By the end of the 948 Croatian struggles for the throne, he included all the territories to the river of Vrbas River to the west and Sava to the north while western and northern Bosnia remained in the History of Croatia. The Drina area became the heart of his state. The Hungarian Kingdom had pretensions to conquer Bosnia, so Ceslav had to fend-off a Hungarian invasion in 955. Prince Ceslav saved Bosnia, but was drowned by the Hungarian forces in the river of Sava in norther Bosnia in 960.

The Bosnian Serbian rule in eastern and central Bosnia crumbled after Ceslav's fall. It would take King Constantine Bodin (Peter III) of Duklja and war against the Byzantines in 1082-1085 to restore it. There he implaced a related courtier of his, Stefan as Ban (title), whose heirs continued to rule Bosnia.

Modern see also: History of Republika Srpska in 1921 in Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes population censusBetween 1945 and 1948, following World War II, around 70,000 Serbs migrated from the Bosnia and Herzegovina to Vojvodina, prior to the expulsions of Germans.Serbs were the larger of the two constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina (later of three, since Muslims by nationality gained constitutive status in 1968). In the first population census conducted in the People's Republic of Bosnia in 1948, there were 1,136,116 Serbs or a total of 44.3% of BiH's population. In 1953, there were 1,264,372 Serbs in BiH, 44.4% of the total population. According to the 1961 population census, there where 1,406,057 Serbs, accounting for 42.9% of total population of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Serbs lost their plurality as the largest single ethnic group of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 1960s and 1970s, being overtaken by the Muslims by nationality. According to the 1971 population census, there were 1,393,148 Serbs in BiH or 37.2% of the population. In 1981, there were 1,320,644 Serbs in BiH or 32% of the total population. In that year, Serbs formed a majority on 27,255.2 square kilometres or 53.3% of the total territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They lived in 34.4% of the total housing of BiH. There was a Serb majority in 2,439 settlements or 41.4% of the total settlements of BiH and Serbs owned a total of 51.4% of the land of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1991, there were 1,369,258 Serbs in BiH or 31.4% of the total populace. It is unknown how many of those who declared themselves as Yugoslavs were ethnic group Serbs, but it is believed that altogether they made up 38% of BiH's population.

The Serb and Croat political leaderships accused certain elements within the government of BiH of being pro-Islamic and of attempting to create a Bosniak nationalism in the 1990s. The Serbs boycotted the 1992 referendum for independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Although it was eventually recognized by the international community, in the opinion of the Serb political leadership the result was unconstitutional since the will of one of the constitutive nations, the Serbs, was ignored. The Government of BiH declared independence anyway - which was not accepted by the federal government of SFRJ, and what followed was the forming of the SAO Bosanska Krajina in the western Bosanska Krajina region of Bosnia and Herzegovina with its capital in Banja Luka, which was not recognised by the central government. SAO Bosnian Frontier made attempts to unite with the SAO Krajina in Croatia. The Serb political leadership martialled its own force assisted by the JNA of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and declared independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina in late 1992. BiH's Muslim and Croat dominated government did not recognize the new Republika Srpska, whose president was Radovan Karadžić seated in Banja Luka. The Serb side accepted the proposed ethnic cantonization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War#Carrington-Cutileiro), as did the Muslim and Croat sides in Lisbon in 1992, in the hope that war would not break out. The Muslim political leadership under President Alija Izetbegović of Bosnia and Herzegovina subsequently broke the agreement refusing to decentralize the newly created country. The Bosnian War began{fact}.. The different colors show majority in every settlement:Throughout most of the war the Serb side fought against both the Bosnian Muslims side and the Croatian side. During Muslim-Croat hostilities the Serbs co-operated with largely with the Croat. There were exceptions to this as well, as Serb forces were also allied with the pro-Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bosnian Muslims of the Western Bosnia under Fikret Abdić. During most of the war, the Republika Srpska comprised around 70% of Bosnia and Herzegovina's soil. During the entire length of war the Army of Republika Srpska maintained the Siege of Sarajevo, allegedly in order to tie down the Bosnian Muslim forces and resources in what was the capital of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian state. Republika Srpska maintained close ties with the Republika Srpska Krajina and received volunteers and supplies from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the war. The Serb Republic received a large number of Serb refugees from other Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia hotzones, particularly non-Serb held areas in Sarajevo, Herzeg-Bosnia and Croatia. In 1993, the Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War#Owen-Stoltenberg peace treaty was suggested that would give 52% of BiH to the Serb side. It was refused by the Bosnian Muslim side as too large of a concession. In 1994, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia imposed sanctions after the National Assembly of Republika Srpska refused the Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War. In 1995, Operation Storm, eliminated the Republic of the Serb Frontier. The Croatian Army continued the offensive into the Serb Republic under General Ante Gotovina (currently on trial for war crimes at the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia). Some 250,000 Serbs fled to the Republika Srpska and Serbia from Croatia, as the Serb side continued a full retreat of Serbs from the Una river to the Sana river. The Croatian Army, supported by the forces of the Muslim-Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina came within 20km of the de facto Bosnian Serb capital, Banja Luka. The war was halted with the Dayton Agreement which recognized Republika Srpska, comprising 49% of the soil of BiH, as one of the two territorial entities of the Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Serb side suffered a total 30,700 victims - 16,700 civilians and 14,000 military personnel, according to the Demographic Unit at the ICTY. Although exact number are somewhat disputed, mostly by Bosniaks, it is generally agreed that the Bosnian War claimed the lives of about 100,000 people - Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks. See: Bosnian war#Casualties

The demographics of Bosnia-Herzegovina as well as Republika Srpska were tremendously affected by the war. Current estimates indicate that some 400,000 Serbs no longer live in the Federation of BiH, the other entity in Bosnia which makes up 51% of its territory. By the same token, it is estimated that some 450,000 Bosnian Muslims and Croats that used to live in Republika Srpska no longer live there. Many Bosnian Serbs emigrated abroad to Canada, the United States, Australia and western Europe, while others also settled in Serbia and Montenegro. Some Croatian Serbs, fleeing the Croatian offensive Operation Storm, settled in Republika Srpska following the war, although most ended up in Serbia.

Subgroups The subgroups of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina are commonly based on regional affiliation. Some of the major subgroups of them include: Bosanska Krajina (Krajišniks), Semberia, Bosnians, Herzegovinians

Herzegovinan clans Some of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Serbs, mostly living in Herzegovina are organised in clans. The Serb clans#Herzegovinian clans are:

See also

References





 

Bosnian Serb



 
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